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John Spacey, February 01, 2016 updated on September 11, 2022
A non-functional requirement is an qualitative requirement for a product, service, system, process, document, location, infrastructure component or facility. Where functional requirements specify what something does, a non-functional requirement specifies its qualities. In some cases, non-functional requirements are intangible things that require human judgement such as sensory analysis to implement and test. The following are examples of non-functional requirements.
AmbienceCustomer requirements for a fireplace ask that it be modern, comfortable and distinctive.AvailabilityA hospital's patient record system is required to have 99.99% availability.AppearanceA breakfast cereal specifies that raisins have an attractive appearance such that they aren't crushed or discolored.TasteA beverage company requires that a pineapple juice be produced from ripe fruit that have a sweet as opposed to sour or bitter taste.
An aircraft engine is required to have 100% reliability.WeightA mobile device is required to be as light as possible given its functionality and constraints such as unit cost.SpeedA business unit requires that all pages on a website load in less than 2 seconds for 99% of customers considering their location, bandwidth and latency.
UsabilityInitial requirements for a vehicle navigation system state that all menus be easy to tap.DeconstructableA bicycle manufacturer requires that all designs be easily deconstructable such that hobbyists can do self repairs and reuse parts.Job requirements state that applicants need to be "good with people."
VisibilityHigh level marketing requirements specify that a new coffee product be highly visible on the shelves next to the product's primary competition.Human ErrorRequirements for a furniture product state that customer assembly instructions need to be mistake proof.SecurityRequirements for anything software related typically state that it be secure according to industry best practices.
A design for a remote control unit for an air conditioner begins with the requirement that 99.99% of all customers find it easy to use regardless of their age, background or native language.ArchitectureArchitectural requirements for self-driving vehicle state that the software be designed according to a set of microservice principles.
A solar panel company requires that at end of life all components be reusable and recyclable with minimal processing and energy expenditure.MaintainabilityRequirements for an industrial robot state that monthly scheduled maintenance be less than 3 hours for the robot's first five years of service life.
Business Analysis
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A definition of risk perception with examples.
The common types of implementation.
A reasonably complete guide to project risk management.
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