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Original research is research that produces new knowledge. This can be contrasted with secondary research that references facts from other sources without offering new facts that aren't documented anywhere else. The following are illustrative examples of original research.
Exploratory ResearchResearch that proposes direction for further research without directly solving a problem. This can include definitions, procedures and framing of questions or thought experiments. For example, a physicist may propose a new way to search for earth-like planets without actually implementing the method due to cost constraints.
Constructive ResearchConstructive research builds something that creates new knowledge. For example, a computer scientist who publishes a new algorithm for machine learning. Controlled ExperimentsAn experiment that occurs in a controlled environment such as a lab. For example, research to determine the effect of a concentrated plant oil applied in vitro to a virus.
Field ExperimentAn experiment in the real world where all variables can't all be controlled such as an experiment to test different combinations of companion plants for tomatoes that act as a form of pest control.A natural experiment is a situation that researchers have no control over that resembles an experiment. For example, half of the public high schools in a metropolitan area pilot a program for a year that provides nutritious lunches to students free of charge.
Cohort StudyResearch that observes or applies an experiment to a group of people who have a shared characteristic. A cohort study is a type of longitudinal study that collects results over a period of time that may extend for months, years or decades. For example, a cohort study based on 5,000 babies all born this year in the same country that collects data related to the conditions of their life and outcomes over the next 50 years.
Retrospective CohortA retrospective cohort study selects a group of people based on outcomes and works backwards to collect historical data about them. For example, selecting a cohort of people in their 30s who have severe tooth decay and collecting data about their historical oral hygiene practices and diet.NotesAny study that produces new data, information or knowledge is original. Any study that only interprets or presents information available elsewhere is not original.
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