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Hexadecimal numbers are numbers that are based on 16 digits. This can be contrasted with regular decimal numbers that use the 10 digits -- 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. The additional numbers in hexadecimal are represented with the first letters of the alphabet A,B,C,D,E,F. This is easy enough. The trick with hexadecimal numbers is that they are base 16. For example, 10 in hexadecimal is 16 because the 1 is 1x16 instead of 1x10 as in decimal. This can be difficult to get your head around. The following examples may help.
Decimal | Hexadecimal | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 10 | A | 11 | B | 12 | C | 13 | D | 14 | E | 15 | F | 16 | 10 | 17 | 11 | 18 | 12 | 19 | 13 | 20 | 14 | 21 | 15 | 22 | 16 | 23 | 17 | 24 | 18 | 25 | 19 | 26 | 1A | 27 | 1B | 28 | 1C | 29 | 1D | 30 | 1E | 31 | 1F | 32 | 20 | 33 | 21 | 34 | 22 | 35 | 23 | 36 | 24 | 37 | 25 | 38 | 26 | 39 | 27 | 40 | 28 | 41 | 29 | 42 | 2A | 43 | 2B | 44 | 2C | 45 | 2D | 46 | 2E | 47 | 2F | 48 | 30 | 49 | 31 | 50 | 32 | 51 | 33 | 52 | 34 | 53 | 35 | 54 | 36 | 55 | 37 | 56 | 38 | 57 | 39 | 58 | 3A | 59 | 3B | 60 | 3C | 61 | 3D | 62 | 3E | 63 | 3F | 64 | 40 | 65 | 41 | 66 | 42 | 67 | 43 | 68 | 44 | 69 | 45 | 70 | 46 | 71 | 47 | 72 | 48 | 73 | 49 | 74 | 4A | 75 | 4B | 76 | 4C | 77 | 4D | 78 | 4E | 79 | 4F | 80 | 50 | 81 | 51 | 82 | 52 | 83 | 53 | 84 | 54 | 85 | 55 | 86 | 56 | 87 | 57 | 88 | 58 | 89 | 59 | 90 | 5A | 91 | 5B | 92 | 5C | 93 | 5D | 94 | 5E | 95 | 5F | 96 | 60 | 97 | 61 | 98 | 62 | 99 | 63 | 100 | 64 | 101 | 65 | 102 | 66 | 103 | 67 | 104 | 68 | 105 | 69 | 106 | 6A | 107 | 6B | 108 | 6C | 109 | 6D | 110 | 6E | 111 | 6F | 112 | 70 | 113 | 71 | 114 | 72 | 115 | 73 | 116 | 74 | 117 | 75 | 118 | 76 | 119 | 77 | 120 | 78 | 121 | 79 | 122 | 7A | 123 | 7B | 124 | 7C | 125 | 7D | 126 | 7E | 127 | 7F | 128 | 80 | 129 | 81 | 130 | 82 | 131 | 83 | 132 | 84 | 133 | 85 | 134 | 86 | 135 | 87 | 136 | 88 | 137 | 89 | 138 | 8A | 139 | 8B | 140 | 8C | 141 | 8D | 142 | 8E | 143 | 8F | 144 | 90 | 145 | 91 | 146 | 92 | 147 | 93 | 148 | 94 | 149 | 95 | 150 | 96 | 151 | 97 | 152 | 98 | 153 | 99 | 154 | 9A | 155 | 9B | 156 | 9C | 157 | 9D | 158 | 9E | 159 | 9F | 160 | A0 | 161 | A1 | 162 | A2 | 163 | A3 | 164 | A4 | 165 | A5 | 166 | A6 | 167 | A7 | 168 | A8 | 169 | A9 | 170 | AA | 171 | AB | 172 | AC | 173 | AD | 174 | AE | 175 | AF | 176 | B0 | 177 | B1 | 178 | B2 | 179 | B3 | 180 | B4 | 181 | B5 | 182 | B6 | 183 | B7 | 184 | B8 | 185 | B9 | 186 | BA | 187 | BB | 188 | BC | 189 | BD | 190 | BE | 191 | BF | 192 | C0 | 193 | C1 | 194 | C2 | 195 | C3 | 196 | C4 | 197 | C5 | 198 | C6 | 199 | C7 | 200 | C8 | 201 | C9 | 202 | CA | 203 | CB | 204 | CC | 205 | CD | 206 | CE | 207 | CF | 208 | D0 | 209 | D1 | 210 | D2 | 211 | D3 | 212 | D4 | 213 | D5 | 214 | D6 | 215 | D7 | 216 | D8 | 217 | D9 | 218 | DA | 219 | DB | 220 | DC | 221 | DD | 222 | DE | 223 | DF | 224 | E0 | 225 | E1 | 226 | E2 | 227 | E3 | 228 | E4 | 229 | E5 | 230 | E6 | 231 | E7 | 232 | E8 | 233 | E9 | 234 | EA | 235 | EB | 236 | EC | 237 | ED | 238 | EE | 239 | EF | 240 | F0 | 241 | F1 | 242 | F2 | 243 | F3 | 244 | F4 | 245 | F5 | 246 | F6 | 247 | F7 | 248 | F8 | 249 | F9 | 250 | FA | 251 | FB | 252 | FC | 253 | FD | 254 | FE | 255 | FF
| As an example, FD is (15×16) + 13 = 253. The F is worth 15 but is multiplied by 16 because it's in the second position. The D is worth 13 but isn't multiplied because it's in the first position.
The alphabetic characters in hexadecimal are traditionally represented with uppercase letters. This feels a little loud such that it is common in some domains to use lowercase letters. For example, an html color code such as #ffffff.
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