Active listening | Admonishing |
Aggressive language | Agreeing |
Apologizing | Asking for opinions |
Asking questions | Avoiding a question |
Body language | Bonding |
Building consensus | Building rapport |
Candor | Challenging |
Clarifying expectations | Collaborative visualization of information |
Complaining | Compromising |
Conforming to norms | Cooperating |
Counter-signaling – downplaying yourself as a sign of strength | Criticism |
Cultural sensitivity | Debate and argument |
Decision making | Defensiveness |
Direct language | Disengaging |
Dismissive language | Distracted agreement – agreeing in order to not participate |
Distracted behavior such as using a smartphone | Dominating a conversation |
Emotional manipulation | Empathy and sympathy |
Encouragement | Establishing norms |
Expressing and reading emotion | Eye contact |
Facial expressions | False praise |
Feedback | Generalizing and overgeneralizing |
Giving credit | Going off on a tangent |
Gossiping | Hand gestures |
Handling criticism | Holding back information |
Humor | Ignoring and sidelining |
Interrupting | Laughing |
Leading a conversation | Listening |
Metaphor, analogy and examples | Microaggressions |
Negotiation | Nonverbal cues |
Paraphrasing | Passive aggressive behaviors |
Passive language | Pauses and silence |
Persuasion | Planning |
Polite language | Posture |
Praising | Presenting |
Pulling in information such as looking up something on your phone | Reciprocity |
Reflecting | Relationship building |
Sarcasm | Saving face – helping others to avoid embarrassment |
Seeking approval | Seeking common ground |
Setting up to fail | Showing disrespect |
Showing respect | Signaling |
Small talk | Social loafing |
Speaking | Storytelling |
Suggesting | Summarizing |
Supporting and building on ideas | Teaching |
Thanking | Tone of voice |
Turn-taking | Use of visual aids |
