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Income distribution is how a nation's GDP is distributed to its population. The two functions of an economy are to produce and distribute value such that this is a fundamental type of economic indicator. An economy that doesn't distribute value in some reasonable way is dysfunctional. All countries have a pattern of unequal income distribution whereby the bottom 20% make a fraction of the top 20%. Generally speaking, this ratio is worse in developing countries such that more even income distribution is a hallmark of economic development. This can be seen in the following income distribution data for nations.
| Country | Income of lowest 20% | Income of highest 20% | | South Africa | 2.4 | 68.2 | | Namibia | 2.8 | 63.7 | | Zambia | 2.9 | 61.3 | | Eswatini | 3.7 | 60.2 | | Mozambique | 4.2 | 59.5 | | Botswana | 3.9 | 58.5 | | Brazil | 3.1 | 58.4 | | Honduras | 3.0 | 56.1 | | Angola | 3.8 | 55.6 | | Colombia | 4.0 | 55.4 | | St. Lucia | 3.1 | 55.4 | | Costa Rica | 4.4 | 54.0 | | Panama | 3.6 | 53.6 | | Seychelles | 5.4 | 53.0 | | Nicaragua | 5.1 | 52.1 | | Benin | 3.2 | 52.1 | | Malawi | 6.4 | 51.7 | | Mexico | 5.4 | 51.7 | | Paraguay | 4.7 | 51.7 | | Cameroon | 4.5 | 51.7 | | Chile | 5.8 | 51.3 | | Zimbabwe | 6.0 | 51.1 | | Ecuador | 4.6 | 51.0 | | Philippines | 5.7 | 50.9 | | Rwanda | 6.0 | 50.8 | | Comoros | 4.5 | 50.4 | | Dominican Republic | 5.8 | 50.1 | | Uganda | 6.1 | 49.8 | | Lesotho | 4.6 | 49.8 | | Madagascar | 5.7 | 49.4 | | Togo | 5.0 | 48.6 | | Ghana | 4.7 | 48.6 | | Turkey | 5.8 | 48.5 | | Congo | 5.5 | 48.4 | | Peru | 4.9 | 48.3 | | Tanzania | 6.9 | 48.1 | | Cote d'Ivoire | 5.7 | 47.8 | | Sri Lanka | 7.0 | 47.6 | | Kenya | 6.2 | 47.5 | | Iran | 5.9 | 47.3 | | Malaysia | 5.8 | 47.3 | | Bolivia | 4.6 | 47.2 | | Haiti | 5.5 | 47.1 | | Morocco | 6.7 | 47.0 | | United States | 5.1 | 46.8 | | Bulgaria | 5.7 | 46.6 | | Argentina | 5.0 | 46.5 | | Samoa | 6.8 | 46.4 | | Burundi | 6.9 | 46.3 | | Indonesia | 6.7 | 46.1 | | Uruguay | 5.9 | 45.9 | | Tonga | 6.8 | 45.4 | | China | 6.5 | 45.3 | | Russian Federation | 7.1 | 45.1 | | Fiji | 7.5 | 44.7 | | Yemen | 7.3 | 44.7 | | El Salvador | 6.4 | 44.7 | | Laos | 7.6 | 44.6 | | Mauritius | 7.2 | 44.6 | | Solomon Islands | 7.0 | 44.6 | | Bhutan | 6.7 | 44.4 | | Gabon | 6.0 | 44.4 | | Burkina Faso | 8.3 | 44.3 | | Montenegro | 5.2 | 44.3 | | Sierra Leone | 7.9 | 44.2 | | Israel | 5.1 | 44.2 | | Thailand | 7.2 | 44.0 | | Lithuania | 6.3 | 43.9 | | Gambia | 7.4 | 43.6 | | Georgia | 6.5 | 43.2 | | Armenia | 8.1 | 43.0 | | Ethiopia | 7.3 | 43.0 | | Vietnam | 6.7 | 42.9 | | Pakistan | 8.9 | 42.8 | | Liberia | 7.2 | 42.8 | | Niger | 7.8 | 42.4 | | Sudan | 7.8 | 42.4 | | Latvia | 6.7 | 42.4 | | Australia | 7.4 | 42.1 | | United Kingdom | 7.1 | 42.1 | | Italy | 6.0 | 42.1 | | Tajikistan | 7.4 | 41.7 | | Portugal | 7.4 | 41.6 | | Guinea | 7.6 | 41.5 | | Serbia | 5.2 | 41.5 | | Bangladesh | 8.6 | 41.4 | | Luxembourg | 6.5 | 41.4 | | Ireland | 7.9 | 41.2 | | Japan | 7.7 | 41.1 | | West Bank and Gaza | 7.3 | 41.1 | | Greece | 6.6 | 41.1 | | Guatemala | 4.5 | 41.1 | | Egypt | 9.0 | 41.0 | | Spain | 6.2 | 41.0 | | Romania | 5.3 | 41.0 | | Mongolia | 7.9 | 40.9 | | Tunisia | 7.8 | 40.9 | | Albania | 7.5 | 40.7 | | Switzerland | 7.7 | 40.6 | | Canada | 6.7 | 40.6 | | Cyprus | 8.4 | 40.2 | | Mauritania | 7.5 | 40.2 | | France | 8.1 | 40.0 | | Myanmar | 8.9 | 39.9 | | Maldives | 8.3 | 39.8 | | North Macedonia | 5.6 | 39.7 | | Germany | 7.6 | 39.6 | | South Korea | 7.3 | 39.0 | | Kosovo | 9.2 | 38.6 | | Hungary | 7.9 | 38.5 | | Estonia | 8.1 | 38.4 | | Poland | 8.3 | 38.2 | | United Arab Emirates | 6.2 | 38.2 | | Denmark | 9.1 | 38.1 | | Malta | 8.5 | 38.0 | | Croatia | 7.4 | 37.9 | | Kyrgyz Republic | 9.9 | 37.8 | | Austria | 8.0 | 37.8 | | Netherlands | 8.8 | 37.6 | | Kazakhstan | 9.8 | 37.4 | | Sweden | 8.3 | 37.1 | | Finland | 9.4 | 36.9 | | Iceland | 9.5 | 36.5 | | Belgium | 8.7 | 36.3 | | Ukraine | 9.9 | 36.1 | | Moldova | 10.2 | 36.0 | | Norway | 8.9 | 36.0 | | Belarus | 10.1 | 35.5 | | Czech Republic | 10.2 | 35.4 | | Slovenia | 10.0 | 34.4 | | Slovak Republic | 8.7 | 34.0 |
This data can also be viewed as a ratio here.
NotesG20 countries are highlighted in bold. Data not available for all countries including the G20 nations India and Saudi Arabia. Data is 2012-2018.The data above represents income and estimates of income based on consumption. Wealth data tends to produce a greater disparity.
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| Type | | | Definition | How a nation's GDP is distributed to its population. | | Related Concepts | |
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