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Customer Journey Cheatsheet

 , July 28, 2018
A customer journey is an analysis of the time-sequenced customer experience from the customer perspective. This is used to identify gaps, problems and things that are working well that can be scaled. A customer journey is typically divided into a sequence of stages and touchpoints. Stages are some variation of five basic elements: awareness, discovery, purchase, experience and participation. The following is a guide to developing a customer journey based on these five basic stages.

Awareness

Awareness is the process of a customer first hearing your name and understanding what you sell. This is cursory in nature and is limited to elements such as brand recognition, brand awareness and/or an initial relationship with a salesperson. Awareness is important to marketing and sales as customers are hesitant to buy brands and products that they have never heard of. Likewise, customers often prefer to buy from salespeople they know. The following are common steps at the awareness stage of the customer journey.
Visual SymbolsSeeing a visual symbol such as a brand logo.
Brand NameHearing or seeing a brand name. For example, attending an event sponsored by a brand where a brand name is mentioned several times.
EnvironmentsStepping into a physical environment such as a shop or a digital environment such as a website. At this stage the visit is curiosity driven because the customer knows little about you. For example, a customer who clicks on an ad to arrive at the web page of a brand that is new to them.
Product SightingsA customer sees someone with the product. For example, a fashion enthusiast sees a woman wearing interesting boots and wonders where she bought them.
Word of MouthHearing about a brand, product or person from friends.
MediaMedia mentions or coverage of a brand, product or service. This can include negative coverage.
PromotionPromotions such as viewing an advertisement or a product placement in a film.
SearchEncountering the brand or product in a search. At the awareness stage, customers aren't searching for the brand directly. For example, searching for "camping gear" on an ecommerce site.
NetworkingNetworking such as talking to an employee or salesperson from a firm at an industry event.

Discovery

Discovery is the stage in the customer journey when the customer takes some type of active interest in your brands or products. This can be driven by curiosity or research of a purchase.
VisitsVisiting a digital or physical location such as a web site, shop, showroom or booth at an event. At the discovery stage, visits aren't random but purpose driven.
ReviewsReading product reviews. This can include reviews perceived as positive, negative or fake.
Social MediaReading community posted content about the brand and product. This includes the possibility of interacting such as asking a question on a forum or product review site.
Media ConsumptionViewing media related to your brand such as promotional videos for a product.
Information ConsumptionReading information such as product specifications.
Looking at the ProductViewing visuals of the product such as a lookbook on a fashion site.
Touching the ProductA moment of truth when the customer actually gets your product in their hands. For example, a customer who sits in your vehicle for the the first time in a showroom.
ContactContacting your firm to make an inquiry.
ConversionTaking some positive action as the result of a marketing effort. For example, filling out a form to receive a free trial.
MeetingsMeetings with sales and other representatives of your firm.
Asking QuestionsAsking questions about the product to your staff or others such as friends.
Statement of NeedProviding sales with information about your needs. For example, a customer who gives a salesperson of home heating, ventilation and cooling systems information about their home.

Purchase

The process of making a purchase. This can be a repeated process whereby a loyal customer repeated purchases from you. It can also be a more extensive initial process whereby a customer compares you to competitors and makes the decision to buy.
Information OverloadThe experience of finding information too complex. For example, being overloaded with the technical terms, features and diverse opinions found in product reviews.
AmbiguityThings the customer would like to know but doesn't. Some customers will avoid ambiguity and will purchase a product that provides answers such as detailed specifications. For example, a customer who rules out a sleeping bag because the product information doesn't state if it is for cold or warm weather.
Decision FatigueA state of tiredness from spending too much effort thinking about a decision. A customer in this state may make poor decisions or buy a product that makes things simple for them. For example, a customer who wants to try a new shampoo but after reading a few confusing labels goes back to his regular shampoo.
Relationship BuildingThe process of building relationships with salespeople and other employees. For example, a customer who avoids one shop because staff were unfriendly to her once and often goes to a shop where staff know her face and are nice.
Samples & TrialsObtaining a free sample or a trial subscription.
Price ComparisonComparing prices between different products and options.
CustomizationCustomizing the product. For example, a bicycle that is customized whereby customers begin their shopping experience by selecting a color. This may make the customer feel committed and interested.
Quality ComparisonComparing the quality between two products or options. Quality is anything the customer perceives as quality.
Features & FunctionsComparing the features and functions of different products and options.
QuotesAsking for a price quote when the price is negotiable.
NegotiationNegotiation of price and terms. This can involve hundreds of complex interactions such as a customer who uses a bogey as a negotiation tacit.
CouponsLooking for discounts and coupons or waiting for a sale.
Decision MakingThe process the customer goes through to make the purchase decision.
Decision JustificationIdentifying reasons that the purchase is smart. For example, a customer who buys an overpriced organic coffee because 5% of proceeds are donated to a charity that sounds worthy.
Product SelectionSelecting the product that you want to buy. For example, finding the size and color combination you require.
Shopping CartInteractions with a shopping cart such as adding items, removing items, applying discounts, viewing shipping charges and tax.
ClosingSaying yes to a salesperson to close a deal.
PurchaseMaking a purchase that doesn't involve negotiation such as an ecommerce purchase.
Purchase ConfirmationThe process of receiving a purchase confirmation and reviewing it.
Buyer's RemorseRegretting a purchase. This can happen almost immediately for a variety of reasons. For example, a customer who orders a Christmas cake but then remembers they didn't check if the ingredients on the label were healthy.
RebuyAn automatic or effortless repurchase of something you have purchased many times such as a consumer who purchases the same coffee supplies every week.
Reevaluation A reevaluation of a product you regularly rebuy. For example, a customer who wants to make a change to organic coffee but isn't sure.

Experience

The end-to-end customer experience associated with using your products and services. This includes interactions with the product itself and is impacted by aspects such as design, quality and usability. Customer experience also includes interactions with services, people and environments. This includes factors that may be beyond your control such as the brand culture that evolves around your offerings.
Service DeliveryInteractions related to your fulfillment of a service. For example, an ecommerce company that delivers packages on time.
UnboxingThe experience of receiving and unboxing the product. For example, electronics in a cardboard box that can be opened effortlessly as opposed to encased in hard plastic that is impossible to open without heavy duty scissors.
LearnabilityHow easy the product or service is to learn. For example, a mobile device that feels intuitive from the start.
StabilityHow much things change such as a mobile device that automatically updates its software and adds new apps you don't want.
UsabilityHow pleasing and productive a user interface is to use. For example, a touch screen that often doesn't recognize inputs versus one that does.
PerformanceThe performance of a product or service such as fast software or a slow bus.
SafetySafety related experience such as a lawnmower that doesn't spit rocks at you.
Look & FeelThe look and feel of products and services. For example, a dessert with a refined look such that it is almost a shame to eat it.
EnvironmentsThe experience of physical and digital environments such as a hotel lobby or a game world.
Sensory ExperienceExperiences related to the senses such as vision, taste, smell, sound, touch and sensation. For example, a dessert that feels tingly on the tongue.
Customer ServiceService interactions with your staff. A single poor experience in this area can completely turn a customer against your brand.
ConvenienceProducts and services that are easy. For example, a customer steps into a grocery store to find dinner and quickly finds a precooked meal to their tastes.
ComfortA sense of well-being created by your products and services. For example, a hotel lobby that feels tranquil with pleasant scenes, sounds and smells.
Peak ExperiencesExperiences that customers view as rewarding, deeply meaningful or thrilling. For example, a film that a customer finds to be emotionally moving.
BillingThe experience of receiving, reviewing and paying bills. For example, a telecom bill with an incomprehensible list of discounts, subscription fees and usage charges.
ProblemsSituations that customers view as a problem. For example, a customer of a hotel who notices a smell in the air in their room.
Problem ResolutionThe process of resolving a problem. For example, a service that quickly takes care of problems without customer involvement versus a problem that demands the customer's time and causes them stress.

Participation

Participation is when a customer takes some active role that benefits your business. Firms commonly offer ways for customers to participate as this can create a sense of loyalty as customers may feel that they have helped to build your brand. This can also represent a source of promotion and improvements to your brand culture and products.
ReviewsPosting reviews of your products and services.
RecommendationsRecommendations by word of mouth such as social media.
Media Mentions Talking about you in media or social media. This can help to build brand awareness.
Answering QuestionsAnswering questions such as how to do things with your products. For example, a blogger who helps people to configure and customize their mobile devices.
Solve ProblemsSolving problems such as a customer who identifies a workaround to disable a feature some customers find annoying.
Media CreationA customer who creates content featuring your product such as an unboxing video.
FeedbackContacting you with feedback. For example, identifying a problem with your products such as a software bug. This indicates a customer cares about the product enough to want a fix and is a sign of high loyalty and commitment.
Product ExtensionsCustomers who extend the functionality of your products such as game enthusiast who creates a popular mod.
DesignSome firms engage customers in the design of their products with techniques such as lead users and design competitions.

Notes

The customer journey can be examined at many levels and customized to the purpose of your analysis. For example, a customer journey analysis to identify sales improvements may be limited to the discovery and purchase stages.
Overview: Customer Journey
Type
Definition (1)The experience of a customer with a firm, brand or product.
Definition (2)An analysis of the customer experience from the customer perspective.
Definition (3)A time-sequenced set of customer interactions and impressions that influence customer actions and opinions.
Related Concepts

Customer Experience

This is the complete list of articles we have written about customer experience.
Amenities
Bliss Point
Brand Awareness
Choice Architecture
Brand Identity
Critical To Customer
Brand Legacy
Customer Advocacy
Brand Loyalty
Customer Interactions
Branding
Customer Interviews
Customer Issues
Customer Journey
Cost Of Poor Quality
Customer Motivation
Customer Perceptions
Curiosity Drive
Customer Success
Customer Wants
Customer Convenience
Customer Expectations
Design To The Edges
End-User
Customer Is Always Right
Engagement Data
Experience Age
Experience Economy
Journey Map
Experience Goods
Lifetime Value
Feature Fatigue
Customer Marketing
High Touch
Lead Users
Customer Preferences
Customer Relationships
Customer Satisfaction
Moment Of Truth
Customer Service
Nudge Theory
Service Principles
Peak Experiences
Customer Value
Premiumisation
Quality
Service Experience
Service Quality
Experience Quality
Unboxing
Experience Sampling
Usability
User Intent
Fit For Purpose
Internal Branding
Perceived Value
Pricing
Product Design
Product Differentiation
Showrooms
Types Of Quality
More ...
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